Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-Family House in Sweden

The objective of this paper was to explore long-term costs for a single-family house in Sweden during its entire lifetime. In order estimate the total costs, considering construction, replacement, operation, and end-of-life over long term, life cycle cost (LCC) method applied. Different solutions were analysed including various economic parameters sensitivity analysis. Economic used analysis include nominal discount rates (7%, 5%, 3%), an inflation rate 2%, energy escalation (2–6%). study includes two lifespans (100 50 years). discounting scheme calculations. Additionally, carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions considered systematically with costs. Findings show that when is decreased from 7% 3%, are increased significantly, by 44% 100-year lifespan, while years lifespan minor increase 18%. construction represent major part LCC, labor making up half them. Considering together, full correlation not found, partial relationship investigated. Results can be useful decision-makers building sector.